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John Rawls begins a Theory of Justice with the observation that 'Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought… levitra canada for sale Each person possesses http://tvandfilmtoys.com/cheap-40mg-levitra/ an inviolability founded on justice that even the welfare of society as a whole cannot override'1 (p.3). The erectile dysfunction treatment levitra has resulted in lock-downs, the restriction of liberties, debate levitra canada for sale about the right to refuse medical treatment and many other changes to the everyday behaviour of persons. The justice issues it raises are diverse, profound and will demand our attention for some time. How we can respect the Rawlsian commitment to the inviolability of each person, when the welfare of societies as a whole is under threat goes to the heart of some of the difficult ethical issues we face and are discussed in this issue of the Journal of Medical levitra canada for sale Ethics.The debate about ICU triage and erectile dysfunction treatment is quite well developed and this journal has published several articles that explore aspects of this issue and how different places approach it.2–5 Newdick et al add to the legal analysis of triage decisions and criticise the calls for respecting a narrow conception of a legal right to treatment and more detailed national guidelines for how triage decisions should be made.6They consider scoring systems for clinical frailty, organ failure assessment, and raise some doubts about the fairness of their application to erectile dysfunction treatment triage situations.

Their argument seems to highlight instances of what is called the McNamara fallacy. US Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara used enemy body counts as a measure of military success during the Vietnam levitra canada for sale war. So, the fallacy occurs when we rely solely on considerations that appear to be quantifiable, to the neglect of vital qualitative, difficult to measure or contestable features.6 Newdick et al point to variation in assessment, subtlety in condition and other factors as reasons why it is misleading to present scoring systems as ‘objective’ tests for triage. In doing so they draw a distinction between procedural and outcome consistency, which is important, and hints at distinctions Rawls drew between levitra canada for sale the different forms of procedural fairness.

While we might hope to come up with a triage protocol that is procedurally fair and arrives at a fair outcome (what Rawls calls perfect procedural justice, p. 85) there levitra canada for sale is little prospect of that. As they observe, reasonable people can disagree about the outcomes we should aim for in allocating health resources and ICU triage for erectile dysfunction treatment is no exception. Instead, we should work levitra canada for sale toward a transparent and fair process, what Rawls would describe as imperfect procedural justice (p.

85). His example of this is a criminal trial where we adopt processes that we have reason to believe are our best chance of determining guilt, but which do not guarantee the truth of a verdict, and this is a reason why they must be transparent and consistent (p. 85). Their proposal is to triage patients into three broad categories.

High, medium and low priority, with the thought that a range of considerations could feed into that evaluation by an appropriately constituted clinical group.Ballantyne et al question another issue that is central to the debate about erectile dysfunction treatment triage.4 They describe how utility measures such as QALYs, lives saved seem to be in tension with equity. Their central point is that ICU for erectile dysfunction treatment can be futile, and that is a reason for questioning how much weight should be given to equality of access to ICU for erectile dysfunction treatment. They claim that there is little point admitting someone to ICU when ICU is not in their best interests. Instead, the scope of equity should encompass preventing 'remediable differences among social, economic demographic or geographic groups' and for erectile dysfunction treatment that means looking beyond access to ICU.

Their central argument can be summarised as follows.Maximising utility can entrench existing health inequalities.The majority of those ventilated for erectile dysfunction treatment in ICU will die.Admitting frailer or comorbid patients to ICU is likely to do more harm than good to these groups.Therefore, better access to ICU is unlikely to promote health equity for these groups.Equity for those with health inequalities related to erectile dysfunction treatment should broadened to include all the services a system might provide.Brown et al argue in favour of erectile dysfunction treatment immunity passports and the following summarises one of the key arguments in their article.7erectile dysfunction treatment immunity passports are a way of demonstrating low personal and social risk.Those who are at low personal risk and low social risk from erectile dysfunction treatment should be permitted more freedoms.Permitting those with immunity passports greater freedoms discriminates against those who do not have passports.Low personal and social risk and preserving health system capacity are relevant reasons to discriminate between those who have immunity and those who do not.Brown et al then consider a number of potential problems with immunity passports, many of which are justice issues. Resentment by those who do not hold an immunity passport along with a loss of social cohesion, which is vital for responding to erectile dysfunction treatment, are possible downsides. There is also the potential to advantage those who are immune, economically, and it could perpetuate existing inequalities. A significant objection, which is a problem for the justice of many policies, is free riding.

Some might create fraudulent immunity passports and it might even incentivise intentional exposure to the levitra. Brown et al suggest that disincentives and punishment are potential solutions and they are in good company as the Rawlsian solution to free riding is for 'law and government to correct the necessary corrections.' (p. 268)Elves and Herring focus on a set of ethical principles intended to guide those making policy and individual level decisions about adult social care delivery impacted by the levitra.8 They criticize the British government’s framework for being silent about what to do in the face of conflict between principles. They suggest the dominant values in the framework are based on autonomy and individualism and argue that there are good reasons for not making autonomy paramount in policy about erectile dysfunction treatment.

These include that information about erectile dysfunction treatment is incomplete, so no one can be that informed on decisions about their health. The second is one that highlights the importance of viewing our present ethical challenges via the lens of justice or other ethical concepts such as community or solidarity that enable us to frame collective obligations and interests. They observe that erectile dysfunction treatment has demonstrated how health and how we live our lives are linked. That what an individual does can have profound impact on the health of many others.Their view is that appeals to self-determination ring hollow for erectile dysfunction treatment and their proposed remedy is one that pushes us to reflect on what the liberal commitment to the inviolability of each person means.

They explain Dworkin’s account of 'associative obligations' which occur within a group when they acknowledge special rights and responsibilities to each other. These obligations are a way of giving weight to community considerations, without collapsing into full-blown utilitarianism and while still respecting the inviolability of persons.The erectile dysfunction treatment levitra is pushing ethical deliberation in new directions and many of them turn on approaching medical ethics with a greater emphasis on justice and related ethical concepts.IntroductionAs erectile dysfunction treatment spread internationally, healthcare services in many countries became overwhelmed. One of the main manifestations of this was a shortage of intensive care beds, leading to urgent discussion about how to allocate these fairly. In the initial debates about allocation of scarce intensive care unit (ICU) resources, there was optimism about the ‘good’ of ICU access.

However, rather than being a life-saving intervention, data began to emerge in mid-April showing that most critical patients with erectile dysfunction treatment who receive access to a ventilator do not survive to discharge. The minority who survive leave the ICU with significant morbidity and a long and uncertain road to recovery. This reality was under-recognised in bioethics debates about ICU triage throughout March and April 2020. Central to these disucssions were two assumptions.

First, that ICU admission was a valuable but scarce resource in the levitra context. And second, that both equity and utility considerations were important in determining which patients should have access to ICU. In this paper we explain how scarcity and value were conflated in the early ICU erectile dysfunction treatment triage literature, leading to undue optimism about the ‘good’ of ICU access, which in turned fuelled equity-based arguments for ICU access. In the process, ethical issues regarding equitable access to end-of-life care more broadly were neglected.Equity requires the prevention of avoidable or remediable differences among social, economic, demographic, or geographic groups.1 How best to apply an equity lens to questions of distribution will depend on the nature of the resource in question.

Equitable distribution of ICU beds is significantly more complex than equitable distribution of other goods that might be scarce in a levitra, such as masks or treatments. ICU (especially that which involves intubation and ventilation i.e. Mechanical ventilation) is a burdensome treatment option that can lead to significant suffering—both short and long term. The degree to which these burdens are justified depends on the probability of benefit, and this depends on the clinical status of the patient.

People are rightly concerned about the equity implications of excluding patients from ICU on the grounds of pre-existing comorbidities that directly affect prognosis, especially when these align with and reflect social disadvantage. But this does not mean that aged, frail or comorbid patients should be admitted to ICU on the grounds of equity, when this may not be in their best interests.ICU triage debateThe erectile dysfunction treatment levitra generated extraordinary demand for critical care and required hard choices about who will receive presumed life-saving interventions such as ICU admission. The debate has focused on whether or not a utilitarian approach aimed at maximising the number of lives (or life-years) saved should be supplemented by equity considerations that attempt to protect the rights and interests of members of marginalised groups. The utilitarian approach uses criteria for access to ICU that focus on capacity to benefit, understood as survival.2 Supplementary equity considerations have been invoked to relax the criteria in order to give a more diverse group of people a chance of entering ICU.3 4Equity-based critiques are grounded in the concern that a utilitarian approach aimed at maximising the number (or length) of lives saved may well exacerbate inequity in survival rates between groups.

This potential for discrimination is heightened if triage tools use age as a proxy for capacity to benefit or are heavily reliant on Quality-Adjusted Life-Years (QALYs) which will deprioritise people with disabilities.5 6 Even if these pitfalls are avoided, policies based on maximising lives saved entrench existing heath inequalities because those most likely to benefit from treatment will be people of privilege who come into the levitra with better health status than less advantaged people. Those from lower socioeconomic groups, and/or some ethnic minorities have high rates of underlying comorbidities, some of which are prognostically relevant in erectile dysfunction treatment . Public health ethics requires that we acknowledge how apparently neutral triage tools reflect and reinforce these disparities, especially where the impact can be lethal.7But the utility versus equity debate is more complex than it first appears. Both the utility and equity approach to ICU triage start from the assumption that ICU is a valuable good—the dispute is about how best to allocate it.

Casting ICU admission as a scarce good subject to rationing has the (presumably unintended) effect of making access to critical care look highly appealing, triggering cognitive biases. Psychologists and marketers know that scarcity sells.8 People value a commodity more when it is difficult or impossible to obtain.9 When there is competition for scarce resources, people focus less on whether they really need or want the resource. The priority becomes securing access to the resource.Clinicians are not immune to scarcity-related cognitive bias. Clinicians treating patients with erectile dysfunction treatment are working under conditions of significant information overload but without the high quality clinical research (generated from large data sets and rigorous methodology) usually available for decision-making.

The combination of overwhelming numbers of patients, high acuity and uncertainty regarding best practice is deeply anxiety provoking. In this context it is unsurprising that, at least in the early stages of the levitra, they may not have the psychological bandwidth to challenge assumptions about the benefits of ICU admission for patients with severe disease. Zagury-Orly and Schwartzstein have recently argued that the health sector must accept that doctors’ reasoning and decision-making are susceptible to human anxieties and in the “…effort to ‘do good’ for our patients, we may fall prey to cognitive biases and therapeutic errors”.10We suggest the global publicity and panic regarding ICU triage distorted assessments of best interests and decision-making about admittance to ICU and slanted ethical debate. This has the potential to compromise important decisions with regard to care for patients with erectile dysfunction treatment.The emerging reality of ICUIn general, the majority of patients who are ventilated for erectile dysfunction treatment in ICU will die.

Although comparing data from different health systems is challenging due to variation in admission criteria for ICU, clear trends are emerging with regard to those critically unwell and requiring mechanical ventilation. Emerging data show case fatality rates of 50%–88% for ventilated patients with erectile dysfunction treatment. In China11 and Italy about half of those with erectile dysfunction treatment who receive ventilator support have not survived.12 In one small study in Wuhan the ICU mortality rate among those who received invasive mechanical ventilation was 86% (19/22).13 Interestingly, the rate among those who received less intensive non-invasive ventilation (NIV)1 was still 79% (23/29).13 Analysis of 5700 patients in the New York City area showed that the mortality for those receiving mechanical ventilation was 88%.14 In the UK, only 20% of those who have received mechanical ventilation have been discharged alive.15 Hence, the very real possibility of medical futility with regard to ventilation in erectile dysfunction treatment needs to be considered.It is also important to consider the complications and side effects that occur in an ICU context. These patients are vulnerable to hospital acquired s such as ventilator associated pneumonias with high mortality rates in their own right,16 neuropathies, myopathies17 and skin damage.

Significant long term morbidity (physical, mental and emotional challenges) can also be experienced by people who survive prolonged ventilation in ICU.12 18 Under normal (non-levitra) circumstances, many ICU patients experience significant muscle atrophy and deconditioning, sleep disorders, severe fatigue,19 post-traumatic stress disorder,20 cognitive deficits,21 depression, anxiety, difficulty with daily activities and loss of employment.22 Although it is too soon to have data on the long term outcomes of ICU survivors in the specific context of erectile dysfunction treatment, the UK Chartered Society of Physiotherapy predicts a ‘tsunami of rehabilitation needs’ as patients with erectile dysfunction treatment begin to be discharged.23 The indirect effects of carer-burden should also not be underestimated, as research shows that caring for patients who have survived critical illness results in high levels of depressive symptoms for the majority of caregivers.24The emerging mortality data for patients with erectile dysfunction treatment admitted to ICU—in conjunction with what is already known about the morbidity of ICU survivors—has significant implications for the utility–equity debates about allocating the scarce resource of ICU beds. First, they undermine the utility argument as there seems to be little evidence that ICU admission leads to better outcomes for patients, especially when the long term morbidity of extended ICU admission is included in the balance of burdens and benefits. For some patients, perhaps many, the burdens of ICU will not outweigh the limited potential benefits. Second, the poor survival rates challenge the equity-based claim for preferential access to treatment for members of disadvantaged groups.

In particular, admitting frailer or comorbid patients to ICU to fulfil equity goals is unlikely to achieve greater survival for these population groups, but will increase their risk of complications and may ultimately exacerbate or prolong their suffering.The high proportions of people who die despite ICU admission make it particularly important to consider what might constitute better or worse experiences of dying with erectile dysfunction treatment, and how ICU admission affects the likelihood of a ‘good’ death. Critical care may compromise the ability of patients to communicate and engage with their families during the terminal phase of their lives—in the context of an intubated, ventilated patient this is unequivocal.Given the high rates of medical futility with patients with erectile dysfunction treatment in ICU, the very significant risks for further suffering in the short and long term and the compromise of important psychosocial needs—such as communicating with our families—in the terminal phase of life, our ethical scope must be wider than ICU triage. Ho and Tsai argue that, “In considering effective and efficient allocation of healthcare resources as well as physical and psychological harm that can be incurred in prolonging the dying process, there is a critical need to reframe end-of-life care planning in the ICU.”25 We propose that the focus on equity concerns during the levitra should broaden to include providing all people who need it with access to the highest possible standard of end-of-life care. This requires attention to minimising barriers to accessing culturally safe care in the following interlinked areas.

Palliative care, and communication and decision support and advanced care planning.Palliative careScaling up palliative and hospice care is an essential component of the erectile dysfunction treatment levitra response. Avoiding non-beneficial or unwanted high-intensity care is critical when the capacity of the health system is stressed.26 Palliative care focuses on symptom management, quality of life and death, and holistic care of physical, psychological, social and spiritual health.27 Evidence from Italy has prompted recommendations that, “Governments must urgently recognise the essential contribution of hospice and palliative care to the erectile dysfunction treatment levitra, and ensure these services are integrated into the healthcare system response.”28 Rapid palliative care policy changes were implemented in response to erectile dysfunction treatment in Italy, including more support in community settings, change in admission criteria and daily telephone support for families.28 To meet this increased demand, hospice and palliative care staff should be included in personal protective equipment (PPE) allocation and provided with appropriate preventon and control training when dealing with patients with erectile dysfunction treatment or high risk areas.Attention must also be directed to maintaining supply lines for essential medications for pain, distress and sedation. Patients may experience pain due to existing comorbidities, but may also develop pain as a result of excessive coughing or immobility from erectile dysfunction treatment. Such symptoms should be addressed using existing approaches to pain management.27 Supply lines for essential medications for distress and pain management, including fentanyl and midazolam are under threat in the USA and propofol—used in terminal sedation—may also be in short supply.29 The challenges are exacerbated when people who for various reasons eschew or are unable to secure hospital admission decline rapidly at home with erectile dysfunction treatment (the time frame of recognition that someone is dying may be shorter than that through which hospice at home services usually support people).

There is growing debate about the fair allocation of novel drugs—sometimes available as part of ongoing clinical trials—to treat erectile dysfunction treatment with curative intent.2 30 But we must also pay attention to the fair allocation of drugs needed to ease suffering and dying.Communication and end-of-life decision-making supportEnd-of-life planning can be especially challenging because patients, family members and healthcare providers often differ in what they consider most important near the end of life.31 Less than half of ICU physicians—40.6% in high income countries and 46.3% in low–middle income countries—feel comfortable holding end-of-life discussions with patients’ families.25 With ICUs bursting and health providers under extraordinary pressure, their capacity to effectively support end-of-life decisions and to ease dying will be reduced.This suggests a need for specialist erectile dysfunction treatment communication support teams, analogous to the idea of specialist ICU triage teams to ensure consistency of decision making about ICU admissions/discharges, and to reduce the moral and psychological distress of health providers during the levitra.32 These support teams could provide up to date information templates for patients and families, support decision-making, the development of advance care plans (ACPs) and act as a liaison between families (prevented from being in the hospital), the patient and the clinical team. Some people with disabilities may require additional communication support to ensure the patients’ needs are communicated to all health providers.33 This will be especially important if carers and visitors are not able to be present.To provide effective and appropriate support in an equitable way, communication teams will need to include those with the appropriate skills for caring for diverse populations including. Interpreters, specialist social workers, disability advocates and cultural support liaison officers for ethnic and religious minorities. Patient groups that already have comparatively poor health outcomes require dedicated resources.

These support resources are essential if we wish to truly mitigate equity concerns that arisingduring the levitra context. See Box 1 for examples of specific communication and care strategies to support patients.Box 1 Supporting communication and compassionate care during erectile dysfunction treatmentDespite the sometimes overwhelming pressure of the levitra, health providers continue to invest in communication, compassionate care and end-of-life support. In some places, doctors have taken photos of their faces and taped these to the front of their PPE so that patients can ‘see’ their face.37 In Singapore, patients who test positive for erectile dysfunction are quarantined in health facilities until they receive two consecutive negative tests. Patients may be isolated in hospital for several weeks.

To help ease this burden on patients, health providers have dubbed themselves the ‘second family’ and gone out of their way to provide care as well as treatment. Elsewhere, medical, nursing and multi-disciplinary teams are utilising internet based devices to enable ‘virtual’ visits and contact between patients and their loved ones.38 Some centres are providing staff with masks with a see-through window panel that shows the wearer’s mouth, to support effective communication with patient with hearing loss who rely on lip reading.39Advance care planningACPs aim to honour decisions made by autonomous patients if and when they lose capacity. However, talking to patients and their loved ones about clinical prognosis, ceilings of treatment and potential end-of-life care is challenging even in normal times. During erectile dysfunction treatment the challenges are exacerbated by uncertainty and urgency, the absence of family support (due to visitor restrictions) and the wearing of PPE by clinicians and carers.

Protective equipment can create a formidable barrier between the patient and the provider, often adding to the patient’s sense of isolation and fear. An Australian palliative care researcher with experience working in disaster zones, argues that the “PPE may disguise countenance, restrict normal human touch and create an unfamiliar gulf between you and your patient.”34 The physical and psychological barriers of PPE coupled with the pressure of high clinical loads do not seem conducive to compassionate discussions about patients’ end-of-life preferences. Indeed, a study in Singapore during the 2004 SARS epidemic demonstrated the barrier posed by PPE to compassionate end-of-life care.35Clinicians may struggle to interpret existing ACPs in the context of erectile dysfunction treatment, given the unprecedented nature and scale of the levitra and emerging clinical knowledge about the aetiology of the disease and (perhaps especially) about prognosis. This suggests the need for erectile dysfunction treatment-specific ACPs.

Where possible, proactive planning should occur with high-risk patients, the frail, those in residential care and those with significant underlying morbidities. Ideally, ACP conversations should take place prior to illness, involve known health providers and carers, not be hampered by PPE or subject to time constraints imposed by acute care contexts. Of note here, a systematic review found that patients who received advance care planning or palliative care interventions consistently showed a pattern toward decreased ICU admissions and reduced ICU length of stay.36ConclusionHow best to address equity concerns in relation to ICU and end-of-life care for patients with erectile dysfunction treatment is challenging and complex. Attempts to broaden clinical criteria to give patients with poorer prognoses access to ICU on equity grounds may result in fewer lives saved overall—this may well be justified if access to ICU confers benefit to these ‘equity’ patients.

But we must avoid tokenistic gestures to equity—admitting patients with poor prognostic indicators to ICU to meet an equity target when intensive critical care is contrary to their best interests. ICU admission may exacerbate and prolong suffering rather than ameliorate it, especially for frailer patients. And prolonging life at all costs may ultimately lead to a worse death. The capacity for harm not just the capacity for benefit should be emphasised in any triage tools and related literature.

Equity can be addressed more robustly if levitra responses scale up investment in palliative care services, communication and decision-support services and advanced care planning to meet the needs of all patients with erectile dysfunction treatment. Ultimately, however, equity considerations will require us to move even further from a critical care framework as the social and economic impact of the levitra will disproportionately impact those most vulnerable. Globally, we will need an approach that does not just stop an exponential rise in s but an exponential rise in inequality.AcknowledgmentsWe would like to thank Tracy Anne Dunbrook and David Tripp for their helpful comments, and NUS Medicine for permission to reproduce the erectile dysfunction treatment Chronicles strip..

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A risk-based booster dose strategy for erectile dysfunction treatments could target populations at risk of severe disease and those critical to the public health infrastructure, CDC staff said buy generic levitra uk at a meeting of CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) on Monday.Though FDA has yet to review data on booster doses for erectile dysfunction treatments among the general population, CDC staff presented a preliminary framework to determine those who might need it most, including older adults, long-term care facility residents, and healthcare workers.CDC staff presented limited data that showed that treatments remain effective at preventing hospitalization and Web Site severe disease, but could be less effective at preventing or milder symptomatic illness.That would be fine for most populations, except as Sara Oliver, MD, of the CDC, pointed out, healthcare professionals who develop even mild illness are forced to call out sick for erectile dysfunction treatment, which strains the healthcare infrastructure. While limited data on treatment effectiveness among frontline workers -- including healthcare professionals -- showed declines against the buy generic levitra uk Delta variant, differences were not significant compared with a pre-Delta period.However, recent data showed lower treatment effectiveness against among long-term care facility residents since the Delta variant gained prominence in the U.S. Preliminary treatment effectiveness estimates found that among adults ages 65 and older, treatment effectiveness decreased against hospitalization, but remained high.ACIP members disagreed about the need for booster doses, with some arguing that ensuring the unvaccinated receive the primary vaccination series should be the highest priority."We've got lots of treatment.

At the moment we don't have a lot of evidence of reduced treatment buy generic levitra uk effectiveness ... Based on the current data," said ACIP committee member, Beth Bell, MD, of the University of Washington in Seattle.ACIP chair, Grace Lee, MD, of Stanford University in California, argued that it didn't necessarily have to be an "either/or situation.""Where we are in the levitra, it makes sense to prevent severe disease, hospitalization, and death," and that would be achieved both by vaccinating those who were unvaccinated, as well as booster doses in populations vulnerable to severe illness and death.Currently, third doses of treatment are only authorized for certain immunocompromised populations, and CDC staff warned clinicians that any off-label use of treatment for booster doses meant they would not be covered under the PREP Act, which provides immunity from liability to erectile dysfunction treatment vaccinators.ACIP member, Helen Keipp Talbot, MD, of Vanderbilt University in Nashville, said that the Biden administration had confused the issue by saying they would make boosters available by September 20, which many providers took as a tacit approval of booster doses, despite no authorization from the FDA.She added that because they believed the White House had given its blessing, "many, many, many hospitals" started giving a third dose both to providers and patients, and stressed the need for these recommendations to come through "normal" regulatory avenues.Pfizer treatment Approval Hailed as 'Miraculous Accomplishment'In what was merely a formality, the ACIP voted unanimously to recommend the Pfizer/BioNTech erectile dysfunction treatment for individuals ages 16 and older under the terms of an FDA biologics license application (BLA). The 14-0 vote replaces the interim recommendation for the treatment made when it was still under emergency use authorization (EUA) for this age group.Several members took the time after the buy generic levitra uk vote to reiterate how impressed they were by the work done by the FDA and CDC over the past 18 months, and the fact that there is now an approved erectile dysfunction treatment was a testament to that hard work.Kathleen Dooling, MD, of the CDC, emphasized the mountain of available evidence supporting the treatment's safety and efficacy.

Whereas the EUA only had one phase II/III clinical trial with a median of 2 months of follow-up data, the BLA featured at least 6 months of data from these trials, plus "a plethora of observational studies" and "extremely high-quality, real-world evidence" from around the world."I can't think of a treatment where we've had more efficacy and effectiveness and adverse event data," said ACIP committee member, Sarah Long, MD, of Drexel University in Philadelphia. "This treatment is worthy of recommendation for what it does today and worthy of the trust of the American people."While there is an association between the treatment and myocarditis in younger men, CDC staff put it into perspective with a benefits/risk chart projected out to a year, showing for every million doses of treatment, there would be an estimated 73 myocarditis cases in boys ages 16-17 compared to 1,540 erectile dysfunction treatment hospitalizations prevented.Amanda Cohn, MD, of the CDC, also put in that outcomes of "this apparent treatment-associated myocarditis are substantially better than myocarditis caused by other types of s or treatments." CDC staff still said they will continue to evaluate the data for long-term outcomes.ACIP members also emphasized the buy generic levitra uk need to get the message out that the treatment is safe and effective, and the need for other strategies to encourage treatment uptake in underserved populations, such as employers giving time off for employees to get vaccinated. Molly Walker is deputy managing editor and covers infectious diseases for MedPage Today.

She is a 2020 J2 Achievement Award winner for buy generic levitra uk her erectile dysfunction treatment coverage. FollowWe saw this coming. Pediatricians sounded the alarm as cases of viral upper respiratory s poured into our emergency departments, wards, and pediatric intensive care units buy generic levitra uk (PICUs) earlier this summer.

We warned citizens and lawmakers about what might happen if we sent our children back to school without reliable mitigation efforts in place. As a mother to three young children, I was worried.Our predictions were particularly concerning in South Carolina, where despite the nightmare in our hospitals, only 57% of eligible residents have received at least buy generic levitra uk one erectile dysfunction treatment. A school-based pediatrician even published buy generic levitra uk an op-ed on August 8 begging parents to mask-up and vaccinate in order to protect our unvaccinated children during the upcoming school year.

I was hopeful.Unfortunately, South Carolina Gov. Henry McMaster decided that the CDC, the Department of buy generic levitra uk Health and Environmental Control, and the American Academy of Pediatrics wouldn't dictate policy. He wrongly proclaimed that "personal responsibility and common sense" would be the way out of this crisis.

By using a budget proviso, the buy generic levitra uk South Carolina legislature effectively prohibited public schools from mandating masks. As fierce advocates for children, pediatricians volleyed. We lobbied our legislators, wrote letters, attended buy generic levitra uk school board and city council meetings.

Days before school began, over 1,000 South Carolina physicians united to sign a petition to urge McMaster to repeal his mandate. We thought our community would buy generic levitra uk come together to protect our most vulnerable children. I was naive.Our pediatric battle cries could not overcome the growing fervor in the community.

By mid-August, my hopes for a sensible return to school were buy generic levitra uk gone. I watched in abject horror as my PICU mentor was spit on at a local school board meeting after she contradicted the false notion that children do not get sick from erectile dysfunction treatment. Her entire life dedicated to trying to save the sickest children in South Carolina, and her expertise was discarded in buy generic levitra uk favor of conspiracy and ideology.

I then watched a prominent community pediatrician defamed across social media for having the audacity buy generic levitra uk to suggest that universal mask mandates and treatments might save lives. Seeing the vitriol aimed at my colleagues damaged my psyche in a way that was surpassed, only by the fear I felt in sending my children back to school. I felt buy generic levitra uk dejected.I was far from alone.

Frazzled group chats sprung up among fellow pediatricians about alternative plans for schooling and daycare. Taking inventory of our losses, we wondered how long it would be before our children were sick, before they unknowingly made others sick, before entire school districts reverted to virtual learning, before we either couldn't work due to quarantine and isolation or were expected to work overtime to support a community that couldn't be bothered to do buy generic levitra uk the most basic preventive tasks. Vaccinate, isolate, and wear masks to protect vulnerable citizens.

I felt abandoned.As buy generic levitra uk a pediatric fellow raising three children and fully dependent on our dual-income family, there were no good options. Nannies and private schools (where ironically masks are mandated) were well beyond our means. Home-school "pods" buy generic levitra uk were logistically impossible without giving up my fellowship in developmental pediatrics, a desperately undermanned subspecialty.

With great hesitation, my husband and I (both fully vaccinated) took deep breaths and sent our babies into their public-school classrooms on August 18 -- with masks on their faces, but no mandates for their peers. I hoped for the best, but felt completely helpless.When buy generic levitra uk all three of my too-young-to-be-vaccinated children were quarantined due to a erectile dysfunction treatment-positive close contact, 3 short days after school began, I tried to remain calm. I took a deep breath, texted my program directors about work-from-home options, then picked up homework packets and began to tackle my additional role as "teacher." By day 5 of quarantine, my husband felt like he was hit by a train and my 22-month-old toddler was febrile to 103 degrees.

Afternoon erectile dysfunction treatment tests for the whole family confirmed what I suspected, my husband and all three children were infected buy generic levitra uk with erectile dysfunction treatment. As I processed the news, and thought about how hard we worked to prevent this, I grew livid.While buy generic levitra uk I know that most children who get erectile dysfunction treatment will probably be OK, my combined pediatrician and parent anxiety overwhelmed me and I spiraled into worst-case scenarios. As my 5-year-old told me that her dinner tasted funny, I thought of the healthy 5-year-old in Georgia who died of pneumonia and a stroke.

As my buy generic levitra uk 8-year-old begged to break out of isolation, I remembered the first pediatric erectile dysfunction treatment death in North Carolina last year. An 8-year-old girl who loved the beach, just like my daughter. One of my biggest challenges as a pediatric resident was not imagining my children in every trauma, every preventable firearm injury, every drowning, every set of compressions, every child treated for buy generic levitra uk multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) that needed emergent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, every heartbreaking outcome, every child that didn't go home.

The thought of being the mother who left the hospital without my baby, broke me on more than one occasion. Maybe I've just buy generic levitra uk seen too much, but I am terrified.Now, on day 4 of isolation, I am grateful that my husband can breathe, my baby's fever is gone and my girls remain asymptomatic. But elsewhere in South Carolina, there are 33 children hospitalized for erectile dysfunction treatment.

Seven are in critical care and three are on buy generic levitra uk a ventilator. While my children are statistically likely to continue healing without complication, there are 454 children who have died from this levitra in the U.S., an estimated 1.5 to 2 million children who have lost a caregiver worldwide, too many babies being born at the edge of viability because their unvaccinated, pregnant mothers are dying in ICUs, and many more children who are struggling with post-erectile dysfunction treatment morbidities. As a mother and pediatrician, I wonder, buy generic levitra uk exactly how much child death and devastation is acceptable?.

How much harder do we have to fight?. All I know for sure is that I am equally heartbroken, burned-out, and angry.The severity of this wave, and its effects on buy generic levitra uk children, were largely preventable.Shawna McCafferty, MD, is a U.S. Navy Veteran and a pediatrician in Charleston, South Carolina..

A risk-based booster dose strategy for erectile dysfunction treatments could target populations at risk of severe disease and those critical to the public health infrastructure, CDC staff said at a meeting of CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) on Monday.Though FDA has yet to review data on booster doses for erectile dysfunction treatment levitra canada for sale treatments among the general population, CDC staff presented a preliminary framework to determine those who might need it most, including older http://www.posrcumlad.si/buy-aldara-online-no-prescription/ adults, long-term care facility residents, and healthcare workers.CDC staff presented limited data that showed that treatments remain effective at preventing hospitalization and severe disease, but could be less effective at preventing or milder symptomatic illness.That would be fine for most populations, except as Sara Oliver, MD, of the CDC, pointed out, healthcare professionals who develop even mild illness are forced to call out sick for erectile dysfunction treatment, which strains the healthcare infrastructure. While limited data on treatment effectiveness among frontline workers -- including healthcare professionals -- showed declines against the Delta variant, differences were not significant compared with a pre-Delta period.However, recent data showed lower treatment effectiveness against among long-term care facility residents since levitra canada for sale the Delta variant gained prominence in the U.S. Preliminary treatment effectiveness estimates found that among adults ages 65 and older, treatment effectiveness decreased against hospitalization, but remained high.ACIP members disagreed about the need for booster doses, with some arguing that ensuring the unvaccinated receive the primary vaccination series should be the highest priority."We've got lots of treatment.

At the moment we don't have a lot levitra canada for sale of evidence of reduced treatment effectiveness ... Based on the current data," said ACIP committee member, Beth Bell, MD, of the University of Washington in Seattle.ACIP chair, Grace Lee, MD, of Stanford University in California, argued that it didn't necessarily have to be an "either/or situation.""Where we are in the levitra, it makes sense to prevent severe disease, hospitalization, and death," and that would be achieved both by vaccinating those who were unvaccinated, as well as booster doses in populations vulnerable to severe illness and death.Currently, third doses of treatment are only authorized for certain immunocompromised populations, and CDC staff warned clinicians that any off-label use of treatment for booster doses meant they would not be covered under the PREP Act, which provides immunity from liability to erectile dysfunction treatment vaccinators.ACIP member, Helen Keipp Talbot, MD, of Vanderbilt University in Nashville, said that the Biden administration had confused the issue by saying they would make boosters available by September 20, which many providers took as a tacit approval of booster doses, despite no authorization from the FDA.She added that because they believed the White House had given its blessing, "many, many, many hospitals" started giving a third dose both to providers and patients, and stressed the need for these recommendations to come through "normal" regulatory avenues.Pfizer treatment Approval Hailed as 'Miraculous Accomplishment'In what was merely a formality, the ACIP voted unanimously to recommend the Pfizer/BioNTech erectile dysfunction treatment for individuals ages 16 and older under the terms of an FDA biologics license application (BLA). The 14-0 vote replaces the interim recommendation for the treatment made when it was still under emergency use authorization (EUA) for this age group.Several members took the time after the vote to reiterate how impressed they levitra canada for sale were by the work done by the FDA and CDC over the past 18 months, and the fact that there is now an approved erectile dysfunction treatment was a testament to that hard work.Kathleen Dooling, MD, of the CDC, emphasized the mountain of available evidence supporting the treatment's safety and efficacy.

Whereas the EUA only had one phase II/III clinical trial with a median of 2 months of follow-up data, the BLA featured at least 6 months of data from these trials, plus "a plethora of observational studies" and "extremely high-quality, real-world evidence" from around the world."I can't think of a treatment where we've had more efficacy and effectiveness and adverse event data," said ACIP committee member, Sarah Long, MD, of Drexel University in Philadelphia. "This treatment is worthy of recommendation for what it does today and worthy of the trust of the American people."While there is an association between the treatment and myocarditis in younger men, CDC staff put it into perspective with a benefits/risk chart projected out to a year, showing for every million doses of treatment, there would be an estimated 73 myocarditis cases in boys ages 16-17 compared to 1,540 erectile dysfunction treatment hospitalizations prevented.Amanda Cohn, MD, of the CDC, also put in that outcomes of "this apparent treatment-associated myocarditis are substantially better than myocarditis caused by other types of s or treatments." CDC staff still said they will continue to evaluate the data for long-term outcomes.ACIP members also emphasized the need to get the message out that the treatment is safe and effective, and the need for other strategies to encourage treatment uptake in underserved populations, such as employers levitra canada for sale giving time off for employees to get vaccinated. Molly Walker is deputy managing editor and covers infectious diseases for MedPage Today.

She is a 2020 J2 Achievement Award winner for her erectile dysfunction treatment levitra canada for sale coverage. FollowWe saw this coming. Pediatricians sounded the alarm as cases of viral upper respiratory s poured into our emergency levitra canada for sale departments, wards, and pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) earlier this summer.

We warned citizens and lawmakers about what might happen if we sent our children back to school without reliable mitigation efforts in place. As a mother to three young children, I was levitra canada for sale worried.Our predictions were particularly concerning in South Carolina, where despite the nightmare in our hospitals, only 57% of eligible residents have received at least one erectile dysfunction treatment. A school-based pediatrician even levitra canada for sale published an op-ed on August 8 begging parents to mask-up and vaccinate in order to protect our unvaccinated children during the upcoming school year.

I was hopeful.Unfortunately, South Carolina Gov. Henry McMaster decided that the CDC, the Department of Health and Environmental Control, and the American Academy levitra canada for sale of Pediatrics wouldn't dictate policy. He wrongly proclaimed that "personal responsibility and common sense" would be the way out of this crisis.

By using a budget proviso, the South Carolina legislature effectively prohibited public schools levitra canada for sale from mandating masks. As fierce advocates for children, pediatricians volleyed. We lobbied our legislators, wrote letters, attended school board and city council levitra canada for sale meetings.

Days before school began, over 1,000 South Carolina physicians united to sign a petition to urge McMaster to repeal his mandate. We thought our levitra canada for sale community would come together to protect our most vulnerable children. I was naive.Our pediatric battle cries could not overcome the growing fervor in the community.

By mid-August, my hopes for a sensible levitra canada for sale return to school were gone. I watched in abject horror as my PICU mentor was spit on at a local school board meeting after she contradicted the false notion that children do not get sick from erectile dysfunction treatment. Her entire life dedicated to trying to save the sickest children levitra canada for sale in South Carolina, and her expertise was discarded in favor of conspiracy and ideology.

I then watched a prominent community pediatrician defamed across social media for having the audacity to suggest that universal mask mandates and treatments might save lives levitra canada for sale. Seeing the vitriol aimed at my colleagues damaged my psyche in a way that was surpassed, only by the fear I felt in sending my children back to school. I felt dejected.I was far from alone levitra canada for sale.

Frazzled group chats sprung up among fellow pediatricians about alternative plans for schooling and daycare. Taking inventory of our losses, we wondered how long it would be before our children were sick, before they unknowingly made others sick, before entire school districts reverted to virtual learning, before we either couldn't work due to quarantine and isolation or were expected to work overtime to support a community levitra canada for sale that couldn't be bothered to do the most basic preventive tasks. Vaccinate, isolate, and wear masks to protect vulnerable citizens.

I felt abandoned.As levitra canada for sale a pediatric fellow raising three children and fully dependent on our dual-income family, there were no good options. Nannies and private schools (where ironically masks are mandated) were well beyond our means. Home-school "pods" were logistically impossible without giving up my fellowship in developmental pediatrics, a levitra canada for sale desperately undermanned subspecialty.

With great hesitation, my husband and I (both fully vaccinated) took deep breaths and sent our babies into their public-school classrooms on August 18 -- with masks on their faces, but no mandates for their peers. I hoped for the best, but felt completely helpless.When all three of my too-young-to-be-vaccinated children were quarantined due to a erectile dysfunction treatment-positive close contact, 3 short days after school levitra canada for sale began, I tried to remain calm. I took a deep breath, texted my program directors about work-from-home options, then picked up homework packets and began to tackle my additional role as "teacher." By day 5 of quarantine, my husband felt like he was hit by a train and my 22-month-old toddler was febrile to 103 degrees.

Afternoon erectile dysfunction treatment tests for the whole family confirmed what I suspected, my husband and all three levitra canada for sale children were infected with erectile dysfunction treatment. As I processed the news, and thought about how hard we worked to prevent this, I grew livid.While I know that most children who get erectile dysfunction treatment will probably be OK, levitra canada for sale my combined pediatrician and parent anxiety overwhelmed me and I spiraled into worst-case scenarios. As my 5-year-old told me that her dinner tasted funny, I thought of the healthy 5-year-old in Georgia who died of pneumonia and a stroke.

As my 8-year-old begged levitra canada for sale to break out of isolation, I remembered the first pediatric erectile dysfunction treatment death in North Carolina last year. An 8-year-old girl who loved the beach, just like my daughter. One of my biggest challenges as a pediatric resident was not imagining my children in every trauma, every preventable levitra canada for sale firearm injury, every drowning, every set of compressions, every child treated for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) that needed emergent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, every heartbreaking outcome, every child that didn't go home.

The thought of being the mother who left the hospital without my baby, broke me on more than one occasion. Maybe I've just seen too much, levitra canada for sale but I am terrified.Now, on day 4 of isolation, I am grateful that my husband can breathe, my baby's fever is gone and my girls remain asymptomatic. But elsewhere in South Carolina, there are 33 children hospitalized for erectile dysfunction treatment.

Seven are in critical care and three are on a ventilator levitra canada for sale. While my children are statistically likely to continue healing without complication, there are 454 children who have died from this levitra in the U.S., an estimated 1.5 to 2 million children who have lost a caregiver worldwide, too many babies being born at the edge of viability because their unvaccinated, pregnant mothers are dying in ICUs, and many more children who are struggling with post-erectile dysfunction treatment morbidities. As a levitra canada for sale mother and pediatrician, I wonder, exactly how much child death and devastation is acceptable?.

How much harder do we have to fight?. All I know for sure is that I am equally heartbroken, burned-out, and angry.The severity of this wave, and its effects on children, were largely preventable.Shawna McCafferty, levitra canada for sale MD, is a U.S. Navy Veteran and a pediatrician in Charleston, South Carolina..

What if I miss a dose?

This does not apply. However, do not take double or extra doses.

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Mosquitoes With levitra canada for sale West Nile Found In Four Westchester Towns|The Westchester County Health Department found mosquitoes carrying the West Nile levitra in four towns on Tuesday, Aug. 25 during routine sampling efforts. With heavy rains looming on the evening of Wednesday, Aug. 26, officials warn residents to use insect repellant with over 30 percent DEET to prevent mosquito bites, and to do what they can to prevent pools of standing levitra canada for sale water, where mosquitoes breed, on their properties.

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The 24-hour news cycle is just as important to medicine as it is to politics, Buy antabuse pill finance, or sports levitra canada for sale. At MedPage Today, new information is posted daily, but keeping up can be a challenge. As an aid for our readers and for levitra canada for sale a little amusement, here is a 10-question quiz based on the news of the week.

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119 Introducing the levitra dosage 40mg new DEL Bulletin Webpage 2021-08-12 118 Notice of Publication - GUI-0050 2021-08-10 117 Health Canada transitions interim order to the FDR for importing, selling, and advertising drugs in relation to erectile dysfunction treatment 2021-08-05 116 Canada and European Union - Recognition of Good Manufacturing Practices Extra-Jurisdictional Inspection Outcomes 2021-07-07 115 Notice http://mangomgmt.co.uk/shops/shop-creative-metro/ of Publication (GUI-0028 and GUI-0029) 2021-07-02 114 Notice of consultation for regulatory amendments supporting export-only drugs and transshipments 2021-06-18 113 Requirements to notify or report to Health Canada 2021-04-11 112 Consultation GUI-0074, process validation. Terminal sterilization processes for drugs 2021-05-03 111 their explanation Canada and European Union - Recognition of good manufacturing practices extra-jurisdictional inspection outcomes 2021-04-22 110 Veterinary antimicrobial sales reporting 2021-03-04 109 Changes to the drug establishment licence exemptions for hand sanitizers 2021-03-02 108 Reminder. Cost-benefit analysis survey on proposed regulations due March 1, 2021 2021-02-18 107 CETA Regulatory Cooperation Forum – Stakeholder debrief meeting, February 10, 2021 2021-02-01 106 Health Canada nitrosamines webinar, February 10, 2021 2021-01-15 105 Transition measures for exceptional importation interim order 2021-01-25 104 Invitation stakeholder information session on the allocation of drugs accessed via exceptional importation 2021-01-19 103 Nitrosamine update to market authorisation holders of human pharmaceutical, biological and radiopharmaceutical products 2020-12-16 102 Consultation on the recommendations for interoperability of track and trace systems for medicines 2020-12-15 101 Brexit.

Importing and exporting health products for commercial use (GUI-0117) 2020-08-13 91 Extension revised to complete risk assessments for nitrosamine impurities 2020-08-10 90 Notice of publication (GUI-0005) 2020-08-20 89 Coming into force of regulatory amendments (CUSMA) (June 30, 2020) 2020-06-30 88 Enhanced guidance to support submission of proposals for inclusion on List of Drugs for Exceptional Import and Sale 2020-06-25 87 Updated question and answer document regarding nitrosamine impurities 2020-06-12 86 Guidance on transportation and storage considerations 2020-05-15 85 Requests for Information on additional supply of certain drugs used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction treatment 2020-04-22 84 Guidance on business impact mitigation and additional measures for operational relief amid erectile dysfunction treatment 2020-04-16 83 Health Canada erectile dysfunction treatment update for health product licence holders 2020-04-09 82 Health Canada is taking action to quickly respond to potential drug shortages during the erectile dysfunction treatment levitra 2020-04-06 81 Electronic issuance of drug establishment licences 2020-04-02 80 Revised drug establishment licences (DEL) guides and form 2020-04-01 79 Information to market authorization holders (MAHs) of human pharmaceutical products regarding nitrosamine impurities 2020-03-27 78 Health product inspections and licensing blog 2020-03-27 77 Health Canada alleviates confirmatory and identity testing requirements for certain low-risk non-prescription drugs 2020-03-26 76 Canada announces interim drug product testing measures for licensed importers 2020-03-23 75 Approach to management of erectile dysfunction treatment 2020-03-17 74 erectile dysfunction treatment disinfectants and hand sanitizers 2020-03-17 73 Cost associated with foreign on-site assessments 2020-03-06 72 Notice of consultation (Annex 1) 2020-02-20 71 Important reminders (environmental crisis erectile dysfunction) 2020-02-19 70 Notice of consultation - Annex 4 to the good manufacturing practices guide – Veterinary drugs (GUI-0012) 2020-02-19 69 Small business training session 2020-02-19 68 ALR webex links 2020-02-05 67 Health Canada stakeholder information webinar - Nitrosamines in pharmaceuticals, January 31, 2020 2020-01-24 66 Introduction of telecommunication tools during GMP inspections 2020-01-17 65 CETA Regulatory Cooperation Forum - Stakeholder debrief meeting, February 4, 2020 2020-01-16 64 Follow-up to letter to drug establishment licence (DEL) holders to inform them about steps to take to avoid nitrosamine impurities 2019-12-05 63 Notice of consultation PIC/S GMP guide 2019-12-02 62 Management of applications and performance for drug establishment licences (GUI-0127) 2019-11-29 61 http://www.em-martin-schongauer-strasbourg.site.ac-strasbourg.fr/slideshow/activites-chez-les-grands/ Training sessions on revised guidance documents related to the Fees in Respect of Drugs and Medical Devices Order 2019-12-29 60 Canada-EU CETA Civil Society Forum call for participation 2019-11-06 59 Migration of drug establishment licence (DEL) API foreign building data to the DEL database 2019-11-06 58 Terms and conditions relating to angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), known as “sartans” 2019-11-06 57 Letter to market authorization holders of human pharmaceutical products to inform on steps to take to avoid nitrosamine impurities 2019-11-06 56 Transition period for new DEL requirements for active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) for veterinary use 2019-11-05 55 Revised fees for drugs and medical devices 2019-05-17 54 Survey on Canadian drug exportation 2019-05-02 53 Certificate of pharmaceutical product &. Good manufacturing practice certificate annual fee increase 2019-04-10 52 Health Canada’s fees for drugs and medical devices 2019-04-01 51 Best practices for submitting drug establishment licence (DEL) applications 2019-03-22 50 Stakeholder webinar presentation on the expanded sunscreen pilot 2019-02-18 49 Annual licence review webinar presentation and recording 2019-01-30 48 Pause-the-clock proposal webinar presentation and recording 2019-01-26 47 Additional Information regarding the expanded sunscreen pilot 2019-01-22 46 Presentation and recording on GUI-0031 webinar 2019-01-11 45 Notice to stakeholders – Release of good manufacturing practices for active pharmaceutical ingredients (GUI-0104) for consultation 2018-12-31 44 DEL annual licence review webinar 2018-12-21 43 Notice of consultation GUI-0069 2018-12-20 42 Notifying Health Canada of foreign actions - Guidance document for industry 2018-12-19 41 Launch of the expanded sunscreen pilot 2018-11-29 40 Webinar stop-the-clock 2018-11-28 39 Notice of consultation GUI-0028 &. GUI-0029 2018-11-21 38 Call of expression of interest 2018-11-14 37 Technical issue with the Drug &.

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Location https://www.feuerwehr-oespel-kley.de/where-is-better-to-buy-lasix/ can you drink alcohol with levitra. University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham UK Full can you drink alcohol with levitra Time - Fixed term contract up to June 2023Closing date – 27th June 2021PrecisionTox is a multidisciplinary research project to advance the field of Precision Environmental Health. This new post is created to recruit an early career researcher to contribute original scientific discoveries from a large multi-omics dataset, and to conduct new laboratory experiments using model species Daphnia that will reveal toxicity pathways that are shared with other model species by evolutionary descent by using machine learning approaches and to disseminate these findings through top-tiered publications in peer reviewed scientific journals.Summary of RoleStudy the multi-omics and chemistry data produced by earlier experiments, which include RNA-Seq, metabolomics and analytical chemistry.Initiate and conduct laboratory experiments and original research using model species Daphnia exposed to 250 chemicals to profile toxicological, genome-wide transcriptomes and metabolomes for the discovery of molecular toxicity pathways and other measurable outcomes.Grow the international reputation of the research group and contribute to the University of Birmingham Centre for Precision Toxicology.Plan, design and co-ordinate research activities by supervising laboratory technicians and by supervising students.Contribute to the development of Precision Environmental Health research strategies.Publish results of own research.Give undergraduate lectures.Contribute to the Department/School through management/leadership.Develop and make substantial contributions to knowledge transfer, enterprise, business engagement, public engagement activities, widening participation, schools outreach or similar activities at Department/School level or further within the UniversityMain Duties/ResponsibilitiesTo plan and carry out research, using appropriate methodology and techniques.

This may include, where appropriate to the discipline:Pursue laboratory experiments using Daphnia as described in the PrecisionTox grant agreement under Work Package 2Pursue personal research including developing research ideas and winning support, including financial supportPlan, publish and/or execute high quality researchProject manage research activities, and/or supervise other research staffPresent findings in high quality publications and conference proceedingsDevelop novel methodologies and techniques appropriate to the type of research being pursuedSupervise Masters and PhD studentsProvide expert advice to colleagues and students within disciplineDevelop and make substantial contributions to knowledge transfer, enterprise, business engagement, and public engagement activities of manifest benefit to the research group and the CollegePerson SpecificationPhD or near completion in environmental or toxicological genomics.High level of experience in conducting experimental studies using model species Daphnia.High level of experience in the computational analysis of transcriptomics, metabolomics can you drink alcohol with levitra and/or molecular mechanistic toxicity data.Familiarity with mathematical modelling approaches and ability to conduct modelling in the context of computational toxicology.Familiarity with approaches and methods for assessing the safety of chemicals to human and environmental health, and familiarity with Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs).Familiarity with regulations governing the safety of chemicals to human health.High level analytical capability.Hands-on skills in bioinformatics, data science or data analytics.Experience in computer programming (e.g. R-language).Excellent ability to communicate complex information clearly.Valuing excellence, sustaining investmentWe value diversity and inclusion at the University of Birmingham and welcome applications from all sections of the community and are open to discussions around all forms of flexible workingPhD opportunitiesThe Centre for Cardiovascular Health and The Centre for Mental Health Practice, Policy and Law Research, School of Health and Social Care (SHSC) at Edinburgh Napier University (ENU)We have 4 fully funded opportunities. 2 in can you drink alcohol with levitra cardiovascular health, 2 in mental health.

The studies that we will accept applications for are. Cardiovascular can you drink alcohol with levitra Health1. What impact does medication AdhereR based visualisations have on improving health-related outcomes for people living with cardiovascular disease and polypharmacy?.

. A mixed-methods study within the PARADIGMS project. Adherence to medication is a key indicator of healthcare systems performance, and an essential behaviour for patients to benefit from appropriately prescribed medication.

With population aging and the increasing prevalence of people living longer with cardiovascular disease, the use of multiple medications (polypharmacy) has increased. The Scottish Government are sponsoring the development of a real time adherence monitoring tool namely the PARADIGMS project. This studentship will focus on the service user’s perspective of this real time adherence monitoring tool.

In this fully funded PhD studentship the aim is to coproduce and evaluate a service user facing platform designed to optimise medicines adherence behaviour in people with cardiovascular disease and polypharmacy. Contact Dr. Ruth Paterson r.paterson@napier.ac.uk for information about this opportunity OR 2.

Improving care transitions for critically ill patients Critical illness survivors experience chronically impaired health-related quality of life, report significant unmet needs post-hospital discharge, accrue excessive healthcare costs in the first-year post-hospital discharge and have high rates of emergency readmissions to hospital. This PhD proposal complements current work on improving care transitions and discharge planning for critically ill patients with cardiovascular disease in their journey from ICU to community. Our aim is to identify and evaluate strategies to improve patient transition from hospital discharge to the community.

The student will develop skills in conducting systematic reviews, in mixed research methods including implementation science and behaviour change theories. Contact Dr. Claire Kydonaki c.kydonaki@napier.ac.uk for information about this opportunity.

OR 3. Text messaging to promote physical activityPhysical activity is beneficial for both physical and mental health The widespread availability of mobile technology provides an opportunity to support self-management during and beyond the erectile dysfunction treatment levitra. Text messaging has become a popular and simple way to communicate in a low cost and unobtrusive way.

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the effectiveness of text messaging to promote smoking cessation, weight loss, and physical activity. An RCT of a lifestyle-focused text messaging support programmeshowed that, compared with control, the intervention group achieved higher physical activity levels. The programme was also found to be cost-effective,engaging, useful and easy to understand by patients.The proposed PHD studentship will compliment an existing PhD exploring the use of an app and online support system for Physical Activity Referral Schemes in Scotland.

Contact Dr. Coral Hanson c.hanson@napier.ac.uk for information about this opportunity. Mental Health1.

Benevolent and traumatic experiences in PTSD and CPTSD Research in the area of psychological trauma has predominantly focused on the impact of negative life events on PTSD and CPTSD. There is very little information on a) what are those positive experiences that might counterbalance the impact of negative life experiences in childhood and b) whether their importance is tempered by the developmental periods they occur. This PhD programme of work involves analysis of existing large datasets to explore the role of negative and positive childhood experiences on PTSD and CPTSD.

This information is essential for the development of preventative and intervention strategies for CPTSD. Contact Professor Thanos Karatzias t.karatzias@napier.ac.uk for information about this opportunity. OR2.

Understanding factors associated with the ‘Mental Health Pathway’ This PhD proposal will use a range of approaches, including evidence synthesis, quantitative and qualitative research to understand why citizens contact Police Scotland with mental health concerns, to better understand the citizen journey through the Mental Health Pathway, including what promotes repeat calling amongst the population who phone with non-emergency calls and are referred to NHS24 dedicated mental health call centre. This PhD is fully funded and will appeal to a wide range of candidates experienced in mental health, criminology, forensic psychology or criminal justice backgrounds. It will be based at Scottish Centre for Law Enforcement and Public Health, Edinburgh Napier University and in partnership with Police Scotland.

Contact Dr. Nadine Dougall n.dougall@napier.ac.uk for information about this opportunity. OR3.

Alternatives to psychiatric compulsion. Legal, ethical and practice frameworks Recent WHO and international human rights developments emphasise the ethical requirement to seek alternatives to compulsory treatment for persons with mental illness, where possible. Whilst some jurisdictions, for example Scotland, require patient participation and least restrictive treatment, there is little robust evidence of what alternatives to compulsion are effective, acceptable and safe.

There is also growing debate over which framework(s) (e.g, human rights) are most appropriate for determining when compulsion is ethically justified. This inter-disciplinary (law, clinical psychology) PhD will make a major contribution to ongoing reforms of mental health law and clinical practice, nationally and internationally. Contact Professor Jill Stavert j.stavert@napier.ac.uk for information about this opportunity.

For all topicsAcademic qualifications A first degree (at least a 2.1)IELTS score must be at least 6.5 (with not less than 6.0 in each of the four components). Other, equivalent qualifications will be accepted. Full details of the University’s policy are available online.Essential attributes.

Experience of fundamental statisticsCompetent in MS office suiteGood written and oral communication skillsStrong motivation, with evidence of independent research skills relevant to the projectGood time managementDesirable attributes. Previous experience with publication and preparing reportsEnglish language requirement IELTS score must be at least 6.5 (with not less than 6.0 in each of the four components). Other, equivalent qualifications will be accepted.

Full details of the University’s policy are available online.To apply. go to www.napier.ac.uk/research-and-innovation/research-degrees/application-process and apply following the link Health and Social Care Full-Time.Applications should be submitted by. 31st July 2021Interview date.

18th August 2021 at ENU Sighthill CampusScholarship start date. Friday 1st October 2021.

Location. University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham UK Full Time - Fixed term contract up to June 2023Closing date – 27th June 2021PrecisionTox is a multidisciplinary research project to advance the field of Precision Environmental Health. This new post is created to recruit an early career researcher to contribute original scientific discoveries from a large multi-omics dataset, and to conduct new laboratory experiments using model species Daphnia that will reveal toxicity pathways that are shared with other model species by evolutionary descent by using machine learning approaches and to disseminate these findings through top-tiered publications in peer reviewed scientific journals.Summary of RoleStudy the multi-omics and chemistry data produced by earlier experiments, which include RNA-Seq, metabolomics and analytical chemistry.Initiate and conduct laboratory experiments and original research using model species Daphnia exposed to 250 chemicals to profile toxicological, genome-wide transcriptomes and metabolomes for the discovery of molecular toxicity pathways and other measurable outcomes.Grow the international reputation of the research group and contribute to the University of Birmingham Centre for Precision Toxicology.Plan, design and co-ordinate research activities by supervising laboratory technicians and by supervising students.Contribute to the development of Precision Environmental Health research strategies.Publish results of own research.Give undergraduate lectures.Contribute to the Department/School through management/leadership.Develop and make substantial contributions to knowledge transfer, enterprise, business engagement, public engagement activities, widening participation, schools outreach or similar activities at Department/School level or further within the UniversityMain Duties/ResponsibilitiesTo plan and carry out research, using appropriate methodology and techniques. This may include, where appropriate to the discipline:Pursue laboratory experiments using Daphnia as described in the PrecisionTox grant agreement under Work Package 2Pursue personal research including developing research ideas and winning support, including financial supportPlan, publish and/or execute high quality researchProject manage research activities, and/or supervise other research staffPresent findings in high quality publications and conference proceedingsDevelop novel methodologies and techniques appropriate to the type of research being pursuedSupervise Masters and PhD studentsProvide expert advice to colleagues and students within disciplineDevelop and make substantial contributions to knowledge transfer, enterprise, business engagement, and public engagement activities of manifest benefit to the research group and the CollegePerson SpecificationPhD or near completion in environmental or toxicological genomics.High level of experience in conducting experimental studies using model species Daphnia.High level of experience in the computational analysis of transcriptomics, metabolomics and/or molecular mechanistic toxicity data.Familiarity with mathematical modelling approaches and ability to conduct modelling in the context of computational toxicology.Familiarity with approaches and methods for assessing the safety of chemicals to human and environmental health, and familiarity with Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs).Familiarity with regulations governing the safety of chemicals to human health.High level analytical capability.Hands-on skills in bioinformatics, data science or data analytics.Experience in computer programming (e.g. R-language).Excellent ability to communicate complex information clearly.Valuing excellence, sustaining investmentWe value diversity and inclusion at the University of Birmingham and welcome applications from all sections of the community and are open to discussions around all forms of flexible workingPhD opportunitiesThe Centre for Cardiovascular Health and The Centre for Mental Health Practice, Policy and Law Research, School of Health and Social Care (SHSC) at Edinburgh Napier University (ENU)We have 4 fully funded opportunities.

2 in cardiovascular health, 2 in mental health. The studies that we will accept applications for are. Cardiovascular Health1. What impact does medication AdhereR based visualisations have on improving health-related outcomes for people living with cardiovascular disease and polypharmacy?. .

A mixed-methods study within the PARADIGMS project. Adherence to medication is a key indicator of healthcare systems performance, and an essential behaviour for patients to benefit from appropriately prescribed medication. With population aging and the increasing prevalence of people living longer with cardiovascular disease, the use of multiple medications (polypharmacy) has increased. The Scottish Government are sponsoring the development of a real time adherence monitoring tool namely the PARADIGMS project. This studentship will focus on the service user’s perspective of this real time adherence monitoring tool.

In this fully funded PhD studentship the aim is to coproduce and evaluate a service user facing platform designed to optimise medicines adherence behaviour in people with cardiovascular disease and polypharmacy. Contact Dr. Ruth Paterson r.paterson@napier.ac.uk for information about this opportunity OR 2. Improving care transitions for critically ill patients Critical illness survivors experience chronically impaired health-related quality of life, report significant unmet needs post-hospital discharge, accrue excessive healthcare costs in the first-year post-hospital discharge and have high rates of emergency readmissions to hospital. This PhD proposal complements current work on improving care transitions and discharge planning for critically ill patients with cardiovascular disease in their journey from ICU to community.

Our aim is to identify and evaluate strategies to improve patient transition from hospital discharge to the community. The student will develop skills in conducting systematic reviews, in mixed research methods including implementation science and behaviour change theories. Contact Dr. Claire Kydonaki c.kydonaki@napier.ac.uk for information about this opportunity. OR 3.

Text messaging to promote physical activityPhysical activity is beneficial for both physical and mental health The widespread availability of mobile technology provides an opportunity to support self-management during and beyond the erectile dysfunction treatment levitra. Text messaging has become a popular and simple way to communicate in a low cost and unobtrusive way. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated the effectiveness of text messaging to promote smoking cessation, weight loss, and physical activity. An RCT of a lifestyle-focused text messaging support programmeshowed that, compared with control, the intervention group achieved higher physical activity levels. The programme was also found to be cost-effective,engaging, useful and easy to understand by patients.The proposed PHD studentship will compliment an existing PhD exploring the use of an app and online support system for Physical Activity Referral Schemes in Scotland.

Contact Dr. Coral Hanson c.hanson@napier.ac.uk for information about this opportunity. Mental Health1. Benevolent and traumatic experiences in PTSD and CPTSD Research in the area of psychological trauma has predominantly focused on the impact of negative life events on PTSD and CPTSD. There is very little information on a) what are those positive experiences that might counterbalance the impact of negative life experiences in childhood and b) whether their importance is tempered by the developmental periods they occur.

This PhD programme of work involves analysis of existing large datasets to explore the role of negative and positive childhood experiences on PTSD and CPTSD. This information is essential for the development of preventative and intervention strategies for CPTSD. Contact Professor Thanos Karatzias t.karatzias@napier.ac.uk for information about this opportunity. OR2. Understanding factors associated with the ‘Mental Health Pathway’ This PhD proposal will use a range of approaches, including evidence synthesis, quantitative and qualitative research to understand why citizens contact Police Scotland with mental health concerns, to better understand the citizen journey through the Mental Health Pathway, including what promotes repeat calling amongst the population who phone with non-emergency calls and are referred to NHS24 dedicated mental health call centre.

This PhD is fully funded and will appeal to a wide range of candidates experienced in mental health, criminology, forensic psychology or criminal justice backgrounds. It will be based at Scottish Centre for Law Enforcement and Public Health, Edinburgh Napier University and in partnership with Police Scotland. Contact Dr. Nadine Dougall n.dougall@napier.ac.uk for information about this opportunity. OR3.

Alternatives to psychiatric compulsion. Legal, ethical and practice frameworks Recent WHO and international human rights developments emphasise the ethical requirement to seek alternatives to compulsory treatment for persons with mental illness, where possible. Whilst some jurisdictions, for example Scotland, require patient participation and least restrictive treatment, there is little robust evidence of what alternatives to compulsion are effective, acceptable and safe. There is also growing debate over which framework(s) (e.g, human rights) are most appropriate for determining when compulsion is ethically justified. This inter-disciplinary (law, clinical psychology) PhD will make a major contribution to ongoing reforms of mental health law and clinical practice, nationally and internationally.

Contact Professor Jill Stavert j.stavert@napier.ac.uk for information about this opportunity. For all topicsAcademic qualifications A first degree (at least a 2.1)IELTS score must be at least 6.5 (with not less than 6.0 in each of the four components). Other, equivalent qualifications will be accepted. Full details of the University’s policy are available online.Essential attributes. Experience of fundamental statisticsCompetent in MS office suiteGood written and oral communication skillsStrong motivation, with evidence of independent research skills relevant to the projectGood time managementDesirable attributes.

Previous experience with publication and preparing reportsEnglish language requirement IELTS score must be at least 6.5 (with not less than 6.0 in each of the four components). Other, equivalent qualifications will be accepted. Full details of the University’s policy are available online.To apply. go to www.napier.ac.uk/research-and-innovation/research-degrees/application-process and apply following the link Health and Social Care Full-Time.Applications should be submitted by. 31st July 2021Interview date.

18th August 2021 at ENU Sighthill CampusScholarship start date. Friday 1st October 2021.

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